#### Beyond Linux® From Scratch (System V Edition) - Version 12.3

### Chapter 13. Programming

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# Git-2.48.1

## Introduction to Git

Git is a free and open source, distributed version control system designed to handle everything from small to very large projects with speed and efficiency. Every Git clone is a full-fledged repository with complete history and full revision tracking capabilities, not dependent on network access or a central server. Branching and merging are fast and easy to do. Git is used for version control of files, much like tools such as Mercurial-6.9.2, Bazaar, Subversion-1.14.5, CVS, Perforce, and Team Foundation Server.

This package is known to build and work properly using an LFS 12.3 platform.

### Package Information

- Download (HTTP): https://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/git-2.48.1.tar.xz

- Download MD5 sum: 99656f1481e70701198257ada703a480

- Download size: 7.4 MB

- Estimated disk space required: 541 MB (with downloaded documentation; add 19 MB for building docs; add 21 MB for tests)

- Estimated build time: 0.3 SBU (with parallelism=4; add 1.0 SBU for building docs, and up to 7 SBU (disk speed dependent) for tests)

### Additional Downloads

- https://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/git-manpages-2.48.1.tar.xz (not needed if you've installed asciidoc-10.2.1, xmlto-0.0.29, and prefer to rebuild them)

- https://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/git-htmldocs-2.48.1.tar.xz and other docs (not needed if you've installed asciidoc-10.2.1 and want to rebuild the documentation).

### Git Dependencies

#### Recommended

cURL-8.12.1 (needed to use Git over http, https, ftp or ftps)

#### Optional

Apache-2.4.63 (for some tests), Fcron-3.2.1 (runtime, for scheduling git maintenance jobs), GnuPG-2.4.7 (runtime, may be used to sign Git commits or tags, or verify the signatures of them), OpenSSH-9.9p2 (runtime, needed to use Git over ssh), pcre2-10.45, Subversion-1.14.5 with Perl bindings (runtime, for git svn), Tk-8.6.16 (gitk, a simple Git repository viewer, uses Tk at runtime), Valgrind-3.24.0, Authen::SASL (runtime, for git send-email), and IO-Socket-SSL-2.089 (runtime, for git send-email to connect to a SMTP server with SSL encryption)

#### Optional (to create the man pages, html docs and other docs)

xmlto-0.0.29 and asciidoc-10.2.1, and also dblatex (for the PDF version of the user manual), and docbook2x to create info pages

## Installation of Git

Install Git by running the following commands:

    ./configure --prefix=/usr \
                --with-gitconfig=/etc/gitconfig \
                --with-python=python3 &&
    make

You can build the man pages and/or html docs, or use downloaded ones. If you choose to build them, use the next two instructions.

If you have installed asciidoc-10.2.1 you can create the html version of the man pages and other docs:

    make html

If you have installed asciidoc-10.2.1 and xmlto-0.0.29 you can create the man pages:

    make man

The test suite can be run in parallel mode. To run the test suite, issue: GIT_UNZIP=nonexist make test -k |& tee test.log. The `GIT_UNZIP` setting prevents the test suite from using unzip, we need it because in BLFS unzip is a symlink to bsdunzip which does not satisfy the assumption of some tests cases. If any test case fails, the list of failed tests can be shown via grep '^not ok' test.log | grep -v TODO.

Now, as the `root` user:

    make perllibdir=/usr/lib/perl5/5.40/site_perl install

### If you created the man pages and/or html docs

Install the man pages as the `root` user:

    make install-man

Install the html docs as the `root` user:

    make htmldir=/usr/share/doc/git-2.48.1 install-html

### If you downloaded the man pages and/or html docs

If you downloaded the man pages untar them as the `root` user:

    tar -xf ../git-manpages-2.48.1.tar.xz \
        -C /usr/share/man --no-same-owner --no-overwrite-dir

If you downloaded the html docs untar them as the `root` user:

    mkdir -vp   /usr/share/doc/git-2.48.1 &&
    tar   -xf   ../git-htmldocs-2.48.1.tar.xz \
          -C    /usr/share/doc/git-2.48.1 --no-same-owner --no-overwrite-dir &&

    find        /usr/share/doc/git-2.48.1 -type d -exec chmod 755 {} \; &&
    find        /usr/share/doc/git-2.48.1 -type f -exec chmod 644 {} \;

### Reorganize text and html in the html-docs (both methods)

For both methods, the html-docs include a lot of plain text files. Reorganize the files as the `root` user:

    mkdir -vp /usr/share/doc/git-2.48.1/man-pages/{html,text}         &&
    mv        /usr/share/doc/git-2.48.1/{git*.txt,man-pages/text}     &&
    mv        /usr/share/doc/git-2.48.1/{git*.,index.,man-pages/}html &&

    mkdir -vp /usr/share/doc/git-2.48.1/technical/{html,text}         &&
    mv        /usr/share/doc/git-2.48.1/technical/{*.txt,text}        &&
    mv        /usr/share/doc/git-2.48.1/technical/{*.,}html           &&

    mkdir -vp /usr/share/doc/git-2.48.1/howto/{html,text}             &&
    mv        /usr/share/doc/git-2.48.1/howto/{*.txt,text}            &&
    mv        /usr/share/doc/git-2.48.1/howto/{*.,}html               &&

    sed -i '/^<a href=/s|howto/|&html/|' /usr/share/doc/git-2.48.1/howto-index.html &&
    sed -i '/^\* link:/s|howto/|&html/|' /usr/share/doc/git-2.48.1/howto-index.txt

## Command Explanations

`--with-gitconfig=/etc/gitconfig`: This sets `/etc/gitconfig` as the file that stores the default, system wide, Git settings.

`--with-python=python3`: Use this switch to use Python 3, instead of the EOL'ed Python 2. Python is used for the git p4 interface to Perforce repositories, and also used in some tests.

`--with-libpcre2`: Use this switch if PCRE2 is installed.

tar -xf ../git-manpages-2.48.1.tar.gz -C /usr/share/man --no-same-owner: This untars `git-manpages-2.48.1.tar.gz`. The `-C` option makes tar change directory to `/usr/share/man` before it starts to decompress the docs. The `--no-same-owner` option stops tar from preserving the user and group details of the files. This is useful as that user or group may not exist on your system; this could (potentially) be a security risk.

mv /usr/share/doc/git-2.48.1 ...: These commands move some of the files into subfolders to make it easier to sort through the docs and find what you're looking for.

find ... chmod ...: These commands correct the permissions in the shipped documentation tar file.

## Configuring Git

### Config Files

`~/.gitconfig` and `/etc/gitconfig`

## Contents

Installed Programs: git, git-receive-pack, git-upload-archive, and git-upload-pack (hardlinked to each other), git-cvsserver, git-shell, gitk, and scalar
Installed Libraries: None
Installed Directories: /usr/libexec/git-core, /usr/lib/perl5/5.40/site_perl/Git, and /usr/share/{doc/git-2.48.1,git-core,git-gui,gitk,gitweb}

### Short Descriptions

git | is the stupid content tracker
git-cvsserver | is a CVS server emulator for Git
gitk | is a graphical Git repository browser (needs Tk-8.6.16)
git-receive-pack | is invoked by git send-pack and updates the repository with the information fed from the remote end
git-shell | is a login shell for SSH accounts to provide restricted Git access
git-upload-archive | is invoked by git archive --remote and sends a generated archive to the other end over the git protocol
git-upload-pack | is invoked by git fetch-pack, it discovers what objects the other side is missing, and sends them after packing
scalar | is a repository management tool that optimizes Git for use in large repositories

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