## Tcl8.6.2/Tk8.6.2 Documentation > Tcl Commands, version 8.6.2 > refchan

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  NAME
    refchan — command handler API of reflected channels
  SYNOPSIS
  DESCRIPTION
  MANDATORY SUBCOMMANDS
    cmdPrefix initialize channelId mode
    cmdPrefix finalize channelId
    cmdPrefix watch channelId eventspec
  OPTIONAL SUBCOMMANDS
    cmdPrefix read channelId count
    cmdPrefix write channelId data
    cmdPrefix seek channelId offset base
      start
      current
      end
    cmdPrefix configure channelId option value
    cmdPrefix cget channelId option
    cmdPrefix cgetall channelId
    cmdPrefix blocking channelId mode
  NOTES
  EXAMPLE
  SEE ALSO
  KEYWORDS

### NAME

refchan — command handler API of reflected channels

### SYNOPSIS

cmdPrefix option ?arg arg ...?

### DESCRIPTION

The Tcl-level handler for a reflected channel has to be a command with subcommands (termed an ensemble, as it is a command such as that created by namespace ensemble create, though the implementation of handlers for reflected channel is not tied to namespace ensembles in any way; see EXAMPLE below for how to build an oo::class that supports the API). Note that cmdPrefix is whatever was specified in the call to chan create, and may consist of multiple arguments; this will be expanded to multiple words in place of the prefix.

Of all the possible subcommands, the handler must support initialize, finalize, and watch. Support for the other subcommands is optional.

#### MANDATORY SUBCOMMANDS

cmdPrefix initialize channelId mode
  An invocation of this subcommand will be the first call the cmdPrefix will receive for the specified new channelId. It is the responsibility of this subcommand to set up any internal data structures required to keep track of the channel and its state.

  The return value of the method has to be a list containing the names of all subcommands supported by the cmdPrefix. This also tells the Tcl core which version of the API for reflected channels is used by this command handler.

  Any error thrown by the method will abort the creation of the channel and no channel will be created. The thrown error will appear as error thrown by chan create. Any exception other than an error (e.g., break, etc.) is treated as (and converted to) an error.

  Note: If the creation of the channel was aborted due to failures here, then the finalize subcommand will not be called.

  The mode argument tells the handler whether the channel was opened for reading, writing, or both. It is a list containing any of the strings read or write. The list will always contain at least one element.

  The subcommand must throw an error if the chosen mode is not supported by the cmdPrefix.

cmdPrefix finalize channelId
  An invocation of this subcommand will be the last call the cmdPrefix will receive for the specified channelId. It will be generated just before the destruction of the data structures of the channel held by the Tcl core. The command handler must not access the channelId anymore in no way. Upon this subcommand being called, any internal resources allocated to this channel must be cleaned up.

  The return value of this subcommand is ignored.

  If the subcommand throws an error the command which caused its invocation (usually chan close) will appear to have thrown this error. Any exception beyond error (e.g., break, etc.) is treated as (and converted to) an error.

  This subcommand is not invoked if the creation of the channel was aborted during initialize (See above).

cmdPrefix watch channelId eventspec
  This subcommand notifies the cmdPrefix that the specified channelId is interested in the events listed in the eventspec. This argument is a list containing any of read and write. The list may be empty, which signals that the channel does not wish to be notified of any events. In that situation, the handler should disable event generation completely.

  Warning: Any return value of the subcommand is ignored. This includes all errors thrown by the subcommand, break, continue, and custom return codes.

  This subcommand interacts with chan postevent. Trying to post an event which was not listed in the last call to watch will cause chan postevent to throw an error.

#### OPTIONAL SUBCOMMANDS

cmdPrefix read channelId count
  This optional subcommand is called when the user requests data from the channel channelId. count specifies how many bytes have been requested. If the subcommand is not supported then it is not possible to read from the channel handled by the command.

  The return value of this subcommand is taken as the requested data bytes. If the returned data contains more bytes than requested, an error will be signaled and later thrown by the command which performed the read (usually gets or read). However, returning fewer bytes than requested is acceptable.

  Note that returning nothing (0 bytes) is a signal to the higher layers that EOF has been reached on the channel. To signal that the channel is out of data right now, but has not yet reached EOF, it is necessary to throw the error "EAGAIN", i.e. to either

      return -code error EAGAIN

  or

      error EAGAIN

  For extensibility any error whose value is a negative integer number will cause the higher layers to set the C-level variable "errno" to the absolute value of this number, signaling a system error. However, note that the exact mapping between these error numbers and their meanings is operating system dependent.

  For example, while on Linux both

      return -code error -11

  and

      error -11

  are equivalent to the examples above, using the more readable string "EAGAIN", this is not true for BSD, where the equivalent number is -35.

  The symbolic string however is the same across systems, and internally translated to the correct number. No other error value has such a mapping to a symbolic string.

  If the subcommand throws any other error, the command which caused its invocation (usually gets, or read) will appear to have thrown this error. Any exception beyond error, (e.g., break, etc.) is treated as and converted to an error.

cmdPrefix write channelId data
  This optional subcommand is called when the user writes data to the channel channelId. The data argument contains bytes, not characters. Any type of transformation (EOL, encoding) configured for the channel has already been applied at this point. If this subcommand is not supported then it is not possible to write to the channel handled by the command.

  The return value of the subcommand is taken as the number of bytes written by the channel. Anything non-numeric will cause an error to be signaled and later thrown by the command which performed the write. A negative value implies that the write failed. Returning a value greater than the number of bytes given to the handler, or zero, is forbidden and will cause the Tcl core to throw an error.

  To signal that the channel is not able to accept data for writing right now, it is necessary to throw the error "EAGAIN", i.e. to either

      return -code error EAGAIN

  or

      error EAGAIN

  For extensibility any error whose value is a negative integer number will cause the higher layers to set the C-level variable "errno" to the absolute value of this number, signaling a system error. However, note that the exact mapping between these error numbers and their meanings is operating system dependent.

  For example, while on Linux both

      return -code error -11

  and

      error -11

  are equivalent to the examples above, using the more readable string "EAGAIN", this is not true for BSD, where the equivalent number is -35.

  The symbolic string however is the same across systems, and internally translated to the correct number. No other error value has such a mapping to a symbolic string.

  If the subcommand throws any other error the command which caused its invocation (usually puts) will appear to have thrown this error. Any exception beyond error (e.g., break, etc.) is treated as and converted to an error.

cmdPrefix seek channelId offset base
  This optional subcommand is responsible for the handling of chan seek and chan tell requests on the channel channelId. If it is not supported then seeking will not be possible for the channel.

  The base argument is the same as the equivalent argument of the builtin chan seek, namely:

  start
    Seeking is relative to the beginning of the channel.

  current
    Seeking is relative to the current seek position.

  end
    Seeking is relative to the end of the channel.

  The offset is an integer number specifying the amount of bytes to seek forward or backward. A positive number should seek forward, and a negative number should seek backward. A channel may provide only limited seeking. For example sockets can seek forward, but not backward.

  The return value of the subcommand is taken as the (new) location of the channel, counted from the start. This has to be an integer number greater than or equal to zero. If the subcommand throws an error the command which caused its invocation (usually chan seek, or chan tell) will appear to have thrown this error. Any exception beyond error (e.g., break, etc.) is treated as and converted to an error.

  The offset/base combination of 0/current signals a chan tell request, i.e., seek nothing relative to the current location, making the new location identical to the current one, which is then returned.

cmdPrefix configure channelId option value
  This optional subcommand is for setting the type-specific options of channel channelId. The option argument indicates the option to be written, and the value argument indicates the value to set the option to.

  This subcommand will never try to update more than one option at a time; that is behavior implemented in the Tcl channel core.

  The return value of the subcommand is ignored.

  If the subcommand throws an error the command which performed the (re)configuration or query (usually fconfigure or chan configure) will appear to have thrown this error. Any exception beyond error (e.g., break, etc.) is treated as and converted to an error.

cmdPrefix cget channelId option
  This optional subcommand is used when reading a single type-specific option of channel channelId. If this subcommand is supported then the subcommand cgetall must be supported as well.

  The subcommand should return the value of the specified option.

  If the subcommand throws an error, the command which performed the (re)configuration or query (usually fconfigure or chan configure) will appear to have thrown this error. Any exception beyond error (e.g., break, etc.) is treated as and converted to an error.

cmdPrefix cgetall channelId
  This optional subcommand is used for reading all type-specific options of channel channelId. If this subcommand is supported then the subcommand cget has to be supported as well.

  The subcommand should return a list of all options and their values. This list must have an even number of elements.

  If the subcommand throws an error the command which performed the (re)configuration or query (usually fconfigure or chan configure) will appear to have thrown this error. Any exception beyond error (e.g., break, etc.) is treated as and converted to an error.

cmdPrefix blocking channelId mode
  This optional subcommand handles changes to the blocking mode of the channel channelId. The mode is a boolean flag. A true value means that the channel has to be set to blocking, and a false value means that the channel should be non-blocking.

  The return value of the subcommand is ignored.

  If the subcommand throws an error the command which caused its invocation (usually fconfigure or chan configure) will appear to have thrown this error. Any exception beyond error (e.g., break, etc.) is treated as and converted to an error.

### NOTES

Some of the functions supported in channels defined in Tcl's C interface are not available to channels reflected to the Tcl level.

The function Tcl_DriverGetHandleProc is not supported; i.e., reflected channels do not have OS specific handles.

The function Tcl_DriverHandlerProc is not supported. This driver function is relevant only for stacked channels, i.e., transformations. Reflected channels are always base channels, not transformations.

The function Tcl_DriverFlushProc is not supported. This is because the current generic I/O layer of Tcl does not use this function anywhere at all. Therefore support at the Tcl level makes no sense either. This may be altered in the future (through extending the API defined here and changing its version number) should the function be used at some time in the future.

### EXAMPLE

This demonstrates how to make a channel that reads from a string.

    oo::class create stringchan {
        variable data pos
        constructor {string {encoding {}}} {
            if {$encoding eq ""} {set encoding [encoding system]}
            set data [encoding convertto $encoding $string]
            set pos 0
        }

        method initialize {ch mode} {
            return "initialize finalize watch read seek"
        }
        method finalize {ch} {
            my destroy
        }
        method watch {ch events} {
            # Must be present but we ignore it because we do not
            # post any events
        }

        # Must be present on a readable channel
        method read {ch count} {
            set d [string range $data $pos [expr {$pos+$count-1}]]
            incr pos [string length $d]
            return $d
        }

        # This method is optional, but useful for the example below
        method seek {ch offset base} {
            switch $base {
                start {
                    set pos $offset
                }
                current {
                    incr pos $offset
                }
                end {
                    set pos [string length $data]
                    incr pos $offset
                }
            }
            if {$pos < 0} {
                set pos 0
            } elseif {$pos > [string length $data]} {
                set pos [string length $data]
            }
            return $pos
        }
    }

    # Now we create an instance...
    set string "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.\n"
    set ch [chan create read [stringchan new $string]]

    puts [gets $ch];   # Prints the whole string

    seek $ch -5 end;
    puts [read $ch];   # Prints just the last word

### SEE ALSO

chan, transchan

### KEYWORDS

API, channel, ensemble, prefix, reflection
Copyright © 2006 Andreas Kupries <andreas_kupries(at)users.sourceforge.net>